Narrative Reviews
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopaenia
Image: Shutterstock / Antonio Nardelli
Major Haematology Trials | Major Haematology Guidelines
General
General
- May. Practical guide to the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2024;2024(1):388-395
- Ng. Management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a contemporary review. J Clin Med 2024;13(16):4686
- Alhanshani. Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Int J Gen Med 2023;16:3947-3953
Anti-platelet Factor 4 Syndromes
- Preece. Anti-PF4 disorders: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Br J Haematol 2025;207(3):709-722
- Müller. Anti-platelet factor 4 immunothrombosis—not just heparin and vaccine triggers. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2025;9(2):102729
- Buka. Anti-platelet factor 4 immunothrombotic syndromes. Br J Haematol 2024;205(4):1291-1295
- Datta. Platelet factor 4 polyanion immune complexes: heparin induced thrombocytopenia and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Thromb J 2021;19(1):66
Background
Pathophysiology
- Selvadurai. Mechanisms of thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023;49(5):444-452
- Mongirdienė. Novel knowledge about molecular mechanisms of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II and treatment targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(9):8217
- Favaloro. The complicated relationships of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and platelet factor 4 antibodies with COVID-19. Int J Lab Hematol 2021;43(4):547-558
- Arepally. Pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Transl Res 2020;225:131-140
Conditions
Cardiac Surgery
- Unic-Stojanovic. Alternative anticoagulation for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia on ECMO: a narrative review. Biomedicines 2025;13(11):2705
- Adeoye. Approaches to management of HIT in complex scenarios, including cardiac surgery. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2024;2024(1):396-402
- Revelly. How to Solve the Conundrum of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia during Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Clin Med 2023;12(3):786
- Pishko. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiovascular surgery. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2021(1):536–544
Autoimmune
Drug-Induced
Endovascular Procedures
Differential Diagnoses
Complications
Complication
Monitoring & Investigations
General
- Warkentin. Laboratory Testing for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Antibodies: A Narrative Review. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023;49(6):621-633
- Tardy. Detection of Platelet-Activating Antibodies Associated with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med 2020;9(4):1226
Therapies
Fondaparinux
Last updated December 20th, 2025