Sections
General
Traumatic Brain Injury
Stroke
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Encephalopathy
Seizures
CNS Infection
Brain Injury - Miscellaneous
Spinal Cord
Neuromuscular Junction
Peripheral Nerve
Rehabilitation
Miscellaneous
Sedation
General
- Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition: Update of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines, Executive Summary. Neurosurgery 2020;84(6):1169–1178
- Chesnut. A management algorithm for adult patients with both brain oxygen and intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:919–929
- Hawryluk. A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 1783–1794
- Chesnut. Consensus-Based Management Protocol (CREVICE Protocol) for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury based on imaging and clinical examination for use when intracranial pressure monitoring is not employed. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1291–1299
Resource Limited Setting
Traumatic Brain Injury
General
Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines
- Penetrating Brain Injury - Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines for the Management of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury, Second Edition;epublished October 2025
- Complete Guideline - Guidelines for the Management of Severe TBI, 4th Edition. Brain Trauma Foundation 2016;epublished September 30th
- Paediatric Guideline - Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition: Update of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019;20:S1–S82
- Prehospital Guideline - Guidelines for Prehospital Management of TBI, 3rd Edition. Brain Trauma Foundation 2023;epublished March 1st
- Decompressive Craniectomy - Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2020 Update of the Decompressive Craniectomy Recommendations. Neurosurgery 2020;87:427–434
Older Patients
Conditions
Neuroprognostication
Cerebral Oedema
Anticoagulant Associated TBI
Pituitary Dysfunction
Monitoring & Investigations
Monitoring
- WSES consensus conference guidelines: monitoring and management of severe adult traumatic brain injury patients with polytrauma in the first 24 hours. World J Emerg Surg 2019;14:53
- Depreitere. Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Monitoring in the Management of Adult Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Delphi Consensus of Clinicians. Neurocrit Care 2021;epublished January 25th
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
- Chesnut. Perceived Utility of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference Consensus-Based Analysis and Recommendations. Neurosurgery 2023;93(2):399-408
- Chesnut. A management algorithm for adult patients with both brain oxygen and intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:919–929
- Chesnut. Consensus-Based Management Protocol (CREVICE Protocol) for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury based on imaging and clinical examination for use when intracranial pressure monitoring is not employed. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1291–1299
- Hawryluk. A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med 2019;45:1783–1794
Therapies
External Ventricular Drain
- Perioperative Management of Adult Patients With External Ventricular and Lumbar Drains: Guidelines From the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2017;29:191–210
- Fried. The Insertion and Management of External Ventricular Drains: An Evidence-Based Consensus Statement. Neurocrit Care 2016;24:61–81
Decompressive Craniectomy
- Hawryluk. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2020 Update of the Decompressive Craniectomy Recommendations. Neurosurgery 2020;87(3):427-434
- Hutchinson. Consensus statement from the International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Acta Neurochirurgica 2019;epublished May 28th
Stroke
Intracerebral Haemorrhage
- Steiner T, Purrucker JC, Aguiar de Sousa D, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) guideline on stroke due to spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J 2025;10(4):1007-1086
- Parry-Jones. Acute care bundles should be used for patients with intracerebral haemorrhage: An expert consensus statement. Eur Stroke J 2023;epublished December 27th
- Hwang. Guidelines for Neuroprognostication in Critically Ill Adults with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2023;epublished November 3rd
- Yu. Chinese multidisciplinary guideline for management of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Chin Med J 2022;epublished October 31st
- 2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2022;53(7):e282-e361
- Guideline for Reversal of Antithrombotics in Intracranial Hemorrhage. A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and Society of Critical Care Medicine. Neurocrit Care 2016;24:6–46
Ischaemic Stroke
- Navi. Classification and management of ischemic stroke in patients with active cancer: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke 2026;epublished February 2nd
- 2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2026;epublished January 26th
- Japan Stroke Society Guideline 2021 for the Treatment of Stroke. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(9):1039–1049
- 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018;epublished January 24th
- Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Large Hemispheric Infarction. A Statement for Health Care Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the German Society for Neuro-Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Neurocrit Care 2015;22:146–164
Endovascular Management
- Gonzalez. Large-core ischemic stroke endovascular treatment: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Stroke 2024;epublished December 17th
- Quintard. Anaesthetic and peri-operative management for thrombectomy procedures in stroke patients. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2023;42(1):101188
- Neuroendovascular management of emergent large vessel occlusion: update on the technical aspects and standards of practice by the Standards and Guidelines Committee of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery. J NeuroIntervent Surg 2018;0:1–6
- Management of acute stroke and urgent neurointerventional procedures during COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations on the Scientific Department on Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Brazilian Society of Neuroradiology. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2020;78(7):440-449
- Current endovascular strategies for posterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke: report of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Standards and Guidelines Committee. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 2019;epublished May 18th
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Blood Pressure Management
Cervical Artery Dissection
Miscellaneous
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
General
- Kollmar. Acute care of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: practical consensus statement from a multidisciplinary group of German-speaking neurointensivists and neuroradiologists on behalf of the DIVI neurology section. Neurol Res Pract 2025;7:54
- 2023 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023;epublished May 22nd
- Treggiari. Guidelines for the Neurocritical Care Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2023;epublished May 18th
- NICE guideline. Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm: diagnosis and management. NICE 2022;epublished November 23rd
- Early management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a hospital with neurosurgical/neuroendovascular facilities: a consensus and clinical recommendations of the Italian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)—part 2. J Anesth Analg Crit Care 2022;2:21
Delayed Cerebral Ischaemia
Delirium
General
- de la Varga-Martínez. Clinical guidelines and strategic plan for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of delirium: The zero delirium project. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2025;72(7):501805
- Lewis. A Focused Update to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Anxiety, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med 2025;epublished February 21st
- 2021 KSCCM clinical practice guidelines for pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in the intensive care unit. Acute Crit Care 2022;37(1):1-25
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med 2018;46(9):e825-e873
Post-Operative
- Update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2023;epublished August 31st
- Hughes. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Postoperative Delirium Prevention. Anesth Analg 2020;130(6):1572-1590
Seizures
Status Epilepticus
- Wickström. International consensus recommendations for management of new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) including febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Summary and clinical tools. Epilepsia 2022;63:2827–2839
- Evidence-Based Guideline: Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children and Adults: Report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr 2016;16(1):48–61
- Trinka. A definition and classification of status epilepticus–report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia 2015;56(10):1515–1523
- Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Status Epilepticus. Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee. Neurocritical Care 2012;17:3–23
Encephalopathy
General
- Gu. Chinese emergency expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in the elderly. J Acute Di 2025;14(1):15
- Sonneville. Management of severe acute encephalopathy in the ICU: an expert consensus statement from the French Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Ann Intensive Care 2025;15:37
Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy
CNS Infections
Meningitis
Encephalitis
- Le Marechal. Detection, evaluation and management of the sequelae of infectious encephalitis in adults. Infectious Diseases Now 2025;epublished June 26th
- Adult - Management of suspected viral encephalitis in adults e Association of British Neurologists and British Infection Association National Guidelines. J Infection 2012;64(5):347-373
- Paediatric - Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children – Association of British Neurologists and British Paediatric Allergy, Immunology and Infection Group National Guidelines. J Infection 2012;64(5):449-477
Brain Death
General
- Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Consensus Guideline. Neurology 2023;epublished November 11th
- The use of cerebral computed tomographic angiography as an ancillary investigation to support a clinical diagnosis of death using neurological criteria: a consensus guideline. Anaesthesia 2023;epublished January 29th
World Brain Death Project
American Academy of Neurology
- Russell. Brain death, the determination of brain death, and member guidance for brain death accommodation requests: AAN position statement. Neurology 2019;92:228–232
- Evidence-based guideline update: Determining brain death in adults. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010;74(23):1911–1918
Brain Injury - Miscellaneous
Devastating Brain Injury
Consciousness Disorders
- Bender. The Neurological Rehabilitation of Adults With Coma and Disorders of Consciousness. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2023;120:605-12
- Practice guideline update recommendations summary: Disorders of consciousness. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research. Nuerology 2018;91(10)
Sleep Disorder
- Causes, Consequences, and Treatments of Sleep and Circadian Disruption in the ICU: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023;207(7):e49–e68
- Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine Position Paper on Patient Sleep During Hospitalization. Anesth Analg 2023;136(4):814-824
Spinal Cord Injury
General
- Cryns. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2025;122:219-224
- American College of Surgeons Best Practices Guidelines - Spine Injury 2022
- French recommendations for the management of patients with spinal cord injury or at risk of spinal cord injury. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020;39(2):279-289
Trauma
- Early management of adult traumatic spinal cord injury in patients with polytrauma: a consensus and clinical recommendations jointly developed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) & the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS). World J Emerg Surg 2025;19:4
- Mahanes. Guidelines for neuroprognostication in adults with traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurocrit Care 2023;epublished November 13th
Combat Related
Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Myasthenia Gravis
Peripheral Nerve
ICU-Acquired Weakness
Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Miscellaneous
Mechanical Ventilation
Neuromuscular Blockade
Targeted Temperature Management
Venothromboembolism Prophylaxis
Last updated January 26th, 2026