Major Trials
Nutrition
Sections
Feeding
Dose
- Arabi. Permissive Underfeeding or Standard Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adults (PermiT). N Engl J Med 2015;372:2398-2408
- Doig. Early Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients With Short-term Relative Contraindications to Early Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2013;309(20):2130-2138
- Heidegger. Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2012;381(9864)385-393
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Initial Trophic vs Full Enteral Feeding in Patients With Acute Lung Injury: The EDEN Randomized Trial. JAMA 2012;307(8):795-803
- Arabi. Permissive underfeeding and intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:569-77
Timing
Enteral vs Parenteral Nutrition
Gastric Residual Volume
- Tume. Gastric Residual Volume Assessment in Critically Ill Children. The GASTRIC-PICU Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2026;epublished June 12th
- Reignier. Effect of Not Monitoring Residual Gastric Volume on Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation and Early Enteral Feeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2013;309(3):249
- Montejo. Gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition in ICU patients: the REGANE study. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:1386-93
Constituents
Protein
- Summers. Augmented Enteral Protein During Critical IllnessThe TARGET Protein Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2025;epublished June 11th
- Bels. Effect of high versus standard protein provision on functional recovery in people with critical illness (PRECISe): an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial in Belgium and the Netherlands. Lancet 2024;404(10453):659-669
- Heyland. The effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients with high nutritional risk (EFFORT Protein): an international, multicentre, pragmatic, registry-based randomised trial. Lancet 2023;401(10376):568-576
Pharmaconutrition
Glutamine
- Heyland. A Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine for Treatment of Burn Injuries (RE-ENERGIZE). N Engl J Med 2022;87:1001-1010
- van Zanten ARH. High-protein enteral nutrition enriched with immune-modulating nutrients vs standard high-protein enteral nutrition and nosocomial infections in the ICU: a randomized clinical trial (MetaPlus). JAMA. 2014;312(5):514-524
- Heyland. A randomized trial of glutamine and antioxidants in critically ill patients (REDOXS). N Engl J Med 2013;368:1489-1497
- Andrews. Randomised trial of glutamine, selenium, or both, to supplement parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients (SIGNET). BMJ 2011;342:d1542
- Déchelotte. L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide-supplemented total parenteral nutrition reduces infectious complications and glucose intolerance in critically ill patients: the French controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2006;34(3):598-604
- Zhou. The effect of supplemental enteral glutamine on plasma levels, gut function, and outcome in severe burns: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003;27:241-245
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Selenium
- Andrews. Randomised trial of glutamine, selenium, or both, to supplement parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients. SIGNET study. BMJ 2011;342:d1542
- Angstwurm. Selenium in Intensive Care (SIC) study: Results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-center study in Patients with Severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2007;35: 118-126
Last updated August 31st, 2026