Management
General Management
- Evans. Optimal strategies for assessing and managing pain, agitation, and delirium in the critically ill surgical patient: What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023;96(1):166-177
- Prendergast. Treatment of Delirium During Critical Illness. Annu Rev Med 2022:73:407-421
- Poulsen. Delirium in Intensive Care. Curr Anesthesiol Rep 2021;epublished September 3rd
- Stollings. Delirium in critical illness: clinical manifestations, outcomes, and management. Intensive Care Med 2021;47:1089-1103
- Lee. Succinct Approach to Delirium in the Emergency Department. Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep 2021;9:11–18
Prevention
- Palakshappa. How We Prevent and Treat Delirium in the ICU. Chest 2021;160(4):1326-1334
- Vlisides. Recent Advances in Preventing and Managing Postoperative Delirium. F1000Res 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-607
- Park. Prevention and management of delirium in critically ill adult patients in the intensive care unit: a review based on the 2018 PADIS guidelines. Acute Crit Care 2019;34(2):117-125
Settings
Postoperative
- Kong. Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A narrative review focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022;28(8):1147-1167
- Jin. Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management. Br J Anaesth 2020;125(4):492-504
- Curtis. Postoperative delirium: why, what, and how to confront it at your institution. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2020;33(5):668-673
- Krzych. Delirium Superimposed on Dementia in Perioperative Period and Intensive Care. J Clin Med 2020;9(10):3279
COVID-19
Sepsis
Traumatic Brain Injury
Dementia
Paediatrics
Acute Kidney Injury
Cardiac Surgery
General
Pathogenesis
- Fan. Mechanisms underlying delirium in patients with critical illness. Front Aging Neurosci 2024:16:1446523
- Xu. Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Patients: Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis. Brain Sci 2022;12(10):1371
- Pang. Effects of inflammation and oxidative stress on postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022;9:1049600
- Daou. Abnormal Sleep, Circadian Rhythm Disruption, and Delirium in the ICU: Are They Related? Front Neurol 2020;11:549908
- Subramaniyan. Neuroinflammation and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Anesth Analg 2019;128(4):781-788
Monitoring & Investigations
Electroencephalogram
Precision-Based Approach
Therapies
General
Pharmacological
Anti-Psychotics
Benzodiazepines
Non-Pharmacological
Physical Restraint
Last updated October 15th, 2025