• Carvey. The Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Novel Update and Bedside Reference Guide. Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep 2025;13:7
• Jang. Navigating the modern landscape of sepsis: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(13):7396
• Kamath. Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned in the Last Two Decades? Microorganisms 2023;11(9):2231
• Patel. Sepsis Management for the Nephrologist. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022;17(6):880-889
• Jarczak. Sepsis-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Concepts. Front Med 2021;8:628302
• Gavelli. Management of sepsis and septic shock in the emergency department. Intern Emerg Med 2021;16(6):1649-1661

• Santacroce. Advances and Challenges in Sepsis Management: Modern Tools and Future Directions. Cells 2024;13:439
• De Backer. A plea for personalization of the hemodynamic management of septic shock. Crit Care 2022;26(1):372

• Guarino. 2023 Update on Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adult Patients: Management in the Emergency Department. J Clin Med 2023;12(9):3188

• Ranjit. Hemodynamic Management Strategies in Pediatric Septic Shock: Ten Concepts for the Bedside Practitioner. Indian Pediatr 2024;epublished January 9th
• Miranda. Pediatric Sepsis: a Summary of Current Definitions and Management Recommendations. Curr Pediatr Rep 2023;11(2):29-39
• Gupta. Advances in Shock Management and Fluid Resuscitation in Children. Indian J Pediatr 2023;90(3):280-288

• Prescott. What is new and different in the 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2023;118(Suppl 2):75-79

• Alverdy. Unpacking the sepsis controversy: Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2025;10:e001733
• Chiscano-Camón. Current perspectives in the management of sepsis and septic shock. Front Med 2024;11:1431791

• Feng. Sepsis: the evolution of molecular pathogenesis concepts and clinical management. MedComm 2025;6(3):e70109
• Wang. The role of programmed cell death in organ dysfunction induced by opportunistic pathogens. Crit Care 2025;29:43
• Zhang. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm 2023;4(6):e418
• Kellum. The role of endotoxin in septic shock. Crit Care 2023;27(1):400
• Dargent. Role of the interstitium during septic shock: a key to the understanding of fluid dynamics? J Intensive Care 2023;11(1):44

• Nedel. Why should lymphocytes immune profile matter in sepsis? World J Crit Care Med 2025;14(2):98791
• Hancock. Deciphering sepsis: transforming diagnosis and treatment through systems immunology. Front Sci 2025;2:1469417
• Garduno. Targeting Sepsis: Disease Tolerance, Immune Resilience, and Compartmentalized Immunity. Biomedicines 2024;12(11):2420
• Cao. Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives. Cell Death Discov 2023;9:465
• Das. Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in Sepsis. Biomolecules 2023;13:1332
• Bode. Targeting the host response in sepsis: current approaches and future evidence. Crit Care 2023;27(1):478
• Wiersinga. Immunopathophysiology of human sepsis. EBioMedicine 2022;epublished December 2nd

• Fu. Advances in the Study of Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2023;16:3967-3981

• Pinsky. Pathophysiological implications of ventriculoarterial coupling in septic shock. ICMx 2023;11:87
• Demailly. Ventriculo-arterial (un)coupling in septic shock: Impact of current and upcoming hemodynamic drugs. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023;10:1172703
• Ratnani. Vasoplegia: A Review. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023;19(4):38-47

• Napolitano. Plasminogen System in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Upcoming Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(15):12376

• Doman. Temperature control in sepsis. Front Med 2023;10:1292468

• Saito. Sepsis in Global Health: Current global strategies to fight against sepsis. Acute Med Surg 2025;epublished February 19th
• Bracken. The Aetiology and Global Impact of Paediatric Sepsis. Curr Pediatr Rep 2023;epublished November 27th
• Fleischmann-Struzek. Challenges of assessing the burden of sepsis. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2023;118(Suppl 2):68-74

• Lakbar. Interactions between Gender and Sepsis-Implications for the Future. Microorganisms 2023;11(3):746

• Zhang. Sepsis subphenotypes: bridging the gaps in sepsis treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2025;16:1546474

• Delrue. Vitamin D Deficiency: An Underestimated Factor in Sepsis? Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(3):2924

• Theobald. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in sepsis, and current insights into clinical studies. Crit Care 2024;28:17

• Baillie. Causal inference can lead us to modifiable mechanisms and informative archetypes in sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2024;epublished October 21st
• Garduno. Multi-Omics Endotypes in ICU Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression. Microorganisms 2023;11(5):1119

• Watson. The 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Score Criteria: Part 1, the Evolution in Definition of Sepsis and Septic Shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2025;26(2):e246-e251
• de Oliveira. The 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Score Criteria: Part 2, What About Using Interventions in the Criteria? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2025;26(2):e252-e255
• Hall. The 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Score Criteria: Part 3, What About Using Stages of Sepsis in the Criteria? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2025;26(2):e256-e261
• Wiens. The 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Score Criteria: Part 4, What About Using World-Oriented Criteria? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2025;26(2):e262-e265
• Randolph. The 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Score Criteria: Part 5, What About “Parsimony” in the Criteria—Is Less Really More? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2025;26(2):e266-e271

• Shah. Antimicrobial stewardship and targeted therapies in the changing landscape of maternal sepsis. J Intensive Med 2023;epublished September 15th

• Foster. Endotoxic Septic Shock: Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(22):16185

• Sturrock. Improving the Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings: Gaps and Recommendations. Res Rep Trop Med 2023;121-134

• Jimenez. Emerging concepts in the care of patients with cirrhosis and septic shock. World J Hepatol 2023;15(4):497-514

• Zhang. Sepsis Management in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023;10(10):429

• Carsetti. Anesthetic management of patients with sepsis/septic shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023;10:1150124

• Patterson. Emerging therapies and respiratory infections: Focus on the impact of immunosuppressants and immunotherapies. Clin Med 2024;24(1):100015

• Iba. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) in the management of sepsis. Ann Intensive Care 2024;14:148
• Kochhar. Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy. J Card Crit Care TSS 2024;8:7-10
• Iba. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Intensive Care 2023;11:24

see also coagulopathy

• Xu. Viral sepsis: diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenesis, and clinical considerations. Mil Med Res 2024;11:78

• Lima. Septic cardiomyopathy: A narrative review. Rev Port Cardiol 2023;42(5):471-481

• Balkrishna. Sepsis-mediated renal dysfunction: Pathophysiology, biomarkers and role of phytoconstituents in its management. Biomed Pharmacother 2023;165:115183
• Al-Husinat. Norepinephrine May Exacerbate Septic Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023;12(4):1373

• Pei. Clinical practice of sepsis-induced immunosuppression: Current immunotherapy and future options. Chin J Traumatol 2023;epublished November 8th
• Finfer. Lymphopenia in sepsis—an acquired immunodeficiency?. Immunol Cell Biol 2023;101: 535-544

• Wang. Research progress on microcirculatory disorders in septic shock: A narrative review. Medicine 2024;103(8):e37273

• Crippa. Brain hemodynamics in septic patients. Minerva Anestesiol 2024;90(9):814-29
• Wang. Recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Brain-X 2024;2:e67

• Li. Post-sepsis psychiatric disorder: Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Neurol Sci. 2024;epublished February 21st

• Wu. Effect of endothelial responses on sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. Chinese Medical J 2024;epublished November 6th

• Tullo. Ultrasound in Sepsis and Septic Shock-From Diagnosis to Treatment. J Clin Med 2023;12(3):1185
• Verras. Point of Care Ultrasonography for the Septic Patient in the Emergency Department: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023;12(3):1105
• Polyzogopoulou. Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Multimodal Tool for the Management of Sepsis in the Emergency Department. Medicina 2023;59(6):1180
• Salinas. Critical Care Echocardiography-A Driven Approach to Undifferentiated Shock. Tex Heart Inst J 2023;50(5):e228075

• Hess. [18F]FDG-PET/CT in patients with bacteremia: Clinical impact on patient management and outcome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023;10:1157692

• Llitjos. Enhancing sepsis biomarker development: key considerations from public and private perspectives. Crit Care 2024;28:238
• Ahuja. Biomarkers in sepsis-looking for the Holy Grail or chasing a mirage! World J Crit Care Med. 2023;12(4):188-203
• Méndez Hernández. Biomarkers as Prognostic Predictors and Therapeutic Guide in Critically Ill Patients: Clinical Evidence. J Pers Med 2023;13(2):333
• Póvoa. How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians. Intensive Care Med 2023;epublished January 2nd
• Póvoa. How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49(2):142-153
• Komorowski. Sepsis biomarkers and diagnostic tools with a focus on machine learning. EBioMedicine 2022;epublished December 2nd

• Schuetz. How to best use procalcitonin to diagnose infections and manage antibiotic treatment. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022;61(5):822-828
• Hamade. Procalcitonin: Where Are We Now? Crit Care Clin. 2020 Jan;36(1):23-40
• Paudel. Procalcitonin: A promising tool or just another overhyped test? Int J Med Sci. 2020 Jan 18;17(3):332-337
• Ozbay. Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of Procalcitonin and Other Tools in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 May 26;13(11):1869
• Downes. Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for Sepsis in Children. J Clin Microbiol. 2020 Jun 24;58(7):e01851-19
• Chiotos. Does procalcitonin have clinical utility in the management of paediatric community-acquired pneumonia? A PRO/CON debate. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021 Oct 22;3(4):dlab153

• Maddaloni. The Emerging Role of Presepsin (P-SEP) in the Diagnosis of Sepsis in the Critically Ill Infant: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(22):12154
• Piccioni. Presepsin as Early Marker of Sepsis in Emergency Department: A Narrative Review. Medicina 2021;57(8):770

• Müller. Lactate: The Fallacy of Oversimplification. Biomedicines 2023;11(12):3192

• Isac. The Omics Complexity in Sepsis: The Limits of the Personalized Medicine Approach. J Pers Med 2024;14(3):225

• Gupta. Investigating computational models for diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis based on clinical parameters: opportunities, challenges, and future research directions. J Intensive Med 2024;epublished July 10th

• Wang. Blood gas analysis as a surrogate for microhemodynamic monitoring in sepsis. World J Emerg Med 2023;14(6):421-427

• O'Reilly. Optimizing artificial intelligence in sepsis management: Opportunities in the present and looking closely to the future. J Intensive Med 2023;epublished November 29th
• Yang. The application of artificial intelligence in the management of sepsis. Medical Review 2023;epublished November 28th

• Damiani. Microcirculation-guided resuscitation in sepsis: the next frontier? Front Med 2023;10:1212321
• De Backer. Novelties in the evaluation of microcirculation in septic shock. J Intensive Med 2022;3(2):124-130

• Saha. The State-of-the-Art Therapeutic Paradigms Against Sepsis. Smart Mater Med 2024;epublished September 5th
• Vincent. Current sepsis therapeutics. EBioMedicine 2022;epublished December 2nd

• Carlos Sanchez. Fluids and Early Vasopressors in the Management of Septic Shock: Do We Have the Right Answers Yet?. J Crit Care Med 2023;9(3):138-147
• Monnet. How I personalize fluid therapy in septic shock? Crit Care 2023;27(1):123
• Moschopoulos. New Insights into the Fluid Management in Patients with Septic Shock. Medicina 2023;59(6):1047
• Wiedermann. Controversies Surrounding Albumin Use in Sepsis: Lessons from Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:17606
• Macdonald. Fluid Resuscitation in Patients Presenting with Sepsis: Current Insights. Open Access Emerg Med 2022;14:633-638

• Teja. How We Escalate Vasopressor and Corticosteroid Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock. Chest 2023;163(3):567-574
• Hamzaoui. The Eight Unanswered and Answered Questions about the Use of Vasopressors in Septic Shock. J Clin Med 2023;12(14):4589
• Zhou. Should we initiate vasopressors earlier in patients with septic shock: A mini systemic review. World J Crit Care Med 2023;12(4):204-216
• Fage. Norepinephrine and Vasopressin in Hemorrhagic Shock: A Focus on Renal Hemodynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(4):4103
• García-Álvarez. Vasopressin in Sepsis and Other Shock States: State of the Art. J Pers Med 2023;13(11):1548
• Thoppil. Impact of norepinephrine on immunity and oxidative metabolism in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1271098
• Shi. Vasopressors in septic shock: which, when, and how much? Ann Transl Med 2020;8(12):794
• Meresse. Vasopressors to treat refractory septic shock. Minerva Anestesiol 2020;86(5):537-545

• Macdonald. Fluids or vasopressors for the initial resuscitation of septic shock. Front Med 2022;9:1069782

• Rulli. Corticosteroids in pediatric septic shock: a narrative review. J Pers Med 2024;14:1155
• Nethathe. Glucocorticoids with or without fludrocortisone in septic shock: a narrative review from a biochemical and molecular perspective. Br J Anaesth 2023;epublished November 28th
• Lee. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG): spatiotemporal distribution of cortisol in sepsis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023;34(3):181-190
• Ammar. Timing of vasoactive agents and corticosteroid initiation in septic shock. Ann Intensive Care 2022;12(1):47

• Thom. Future applications of host direct therapies for infectious disease treatment. Front Immunol 2024;15:1436557
• Slim. Non-conventional immunomodulation in the management of sepsis. Eur J Intern Med 2024:121:9-16
• Bode. Targeting the host response in sepsis: current approaches and future evidence. Crit Care 2023;27:478
• Zhang. Optimal strategy for treatment of sepsis based on the host inflammatory reaction and immune response. J Intensive Med 2023;epublished November 18th
• Marques. Treatment Advances in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Modulating Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023;12(8):2892
• Kharga. Recent Advances in Monoclonal Antibody-Based Approaches in the Management of Bacterial Sepsis. Biomedicines 2023;11(3):765

• Berlot. The Role of the Intravenous IgA and IgM-Enriched Immunoglobulin Preparation in the Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock. J Clin Med 2023;12(14):4645
• Nierhaus. Best-practice IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin use in patients with sepsis. Ann Intensive Care 2020;10(1):132

• Yessayan. Extracorporeal therapies in sepsis: a comprehensive review of the Selective Cytopheretic Device, Polymyxin B and Seraph cartridges. Renal Fail 2025;47(1):2459349
• Mehta. Extracorporeal blood purification strategies in sepsis and septic shock: An insight into recent advancements. World J Crit Care Med 2023;12(2):71-88
• Ronco. Rationale for sequential extracorporeal therapy (SET) in sepsis. Crit Care 2023;27(1):50
• Berlot. The Techniques of Blood Purification in the Treatment of Sepsis and Other Hyperinflammatory Conditions. J Clin Med 2023;12(5):1723
• Monard. New Targets for Extracorporeal Blood Purification Therapies in Sepsis. Blood Purif 2023;52(1):1-7

• Broman. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Septic Shock in Adults and Children: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023;12(20):6661

• Marcos-Vidal. Sedation for Patients with Sepsis: Towards a Personalised Approach. J Pers Med 2023;13(12):1641

• Bachler. Thromboprophylaxis with argatroban in critically ill patients with sepsis: a review. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2022;33(5):239-256